Transnational corporations (TNCs) exist as entities taking part in the globalisation process and many authors tend to consider that they decide on the fate of the world. Their operation is the key economic force driving the globalisation processes in the economic area, which they change as well. The leading significance of the transnational corporations in the globalisation of the world economy results from their economic strength and advantages related thereto. The paper aimed at presentation of the changes in food industry and its sections, taking place under the impact of the corporations. They have operated in Poland since 1995, thus long enough to make comparisons and assessments and to draw complete conclusions. The paper identifies branches of TNCs in the food industry and their key areas of interest. Between 2000 and 2015, the branches of TNCs expanded, but to a different degree in respective sections of the food industry. In sections of very high or high level of presence of corporations their share in general grew, while in sections of low level of globalisation their share, especially recently, decreased. In general, the share of TNCs had a major and, basically, positive impact on the development of the Polish food industry, its changes and growth in the significance on the international scale, especially among the European Union countries.