Farmers wanting to meet the global competition increasingly often use chemical agents to increase yields. However, more and more research confirms the assumptions of scientists on the negative impact of pesticides on life forms. Research points to a significant statistical linkage between the use of plant protection products and higher risk of developmental disorders, neurological disorders and certain forms of cancer. These disorders might be transferred to the next generations through changes in the gene expression, which are not connected to changes in the DNA sequence. The paper is to present the risks for the natural environment following from the use of pesticides in agriculture, which is also linked to human health.