The membership of Poland in the European Union has meaningfully changed the conditions of farming in Polish agriculture. In connection with this fact, the question arises: what has been changed in the mentioned sector during the recent years? The present elaboration contains an attempt to answer this question . The answers will have a form of theses as the accumulated knowledge has still remained incomplete. The available empirical materials derive mostly from 2004 and 2005. The following problems will be discussed in the present elaboration: incomes of agricultural holdings as compared to the incomes of the previous period, economic imbalance in the farms and possibilities of enlarging the farms depending on the size and production directions. Besides it, the conclusions resulting from evaluation of the economic condition of the farms of natural persons will be formulated; the mentioned persons obtain the prevailing part of their incomes from non-agricultural sources; also, the conclusions will concern the evaluation of the economic situation of the so-called big area farms. On the ground of analysis of production potential and economic situation of agricultural holdings and balance of internal migration in all Polish gminas (the smallest administrative unit), the justness of the existing binding definition of LFA (leas favoured areas) will be evaluated. Final part of the paper contains the attempt to evaluate the competitiveness of Polish agricultural farms with the holdings of the selected EU countries.