The paper analyses the inequality of distribution between beneficiaries of the EU aid implemented under the system of direct support and assessment of the level of use by the European Union Member States of the redistributive potential of instruments introduced by way of the 2015 Common Agricultural Policy reform. These are especially important issues in the context of aiming at ensuring fair division of funds allocated to agriculture support, not weakening the incentives to raise efficiency. The empirical data were sourced from factsheets of total amounts of direct payments paid to beneficiaries broken down by the EU Member States and support quotas. The research used descriptive statistics methods, comparative analysis and simulations. It was stated that the degree of use of the redistributive potential of instruments reducing the inequalities in the amount of support per a beneficiary granted by a given state does not depend on its place as regards inequality of division of funds between farmers. It may give evidence of different perception of the decision-makers in various countries on the fair division of support. Moreover, some recommendations were formulated as regards redistributive instruments introduced by way of the 2015 CAP reform. According to the author, the mechanism of payments reduction should not be limited only to the basic payment, additionally there should be a possibility to adjust the quota limit at the level of a Member State. This would increase the redistributive potential of this mechanism. At the same time, according to the author, Member States use the possibilities of increasing the significance of redistributive payment to an insufficient degree by increasing the level of the instrument financing. Such solution allows for gradual decrease in the level of support concentration, thus avoiding rapid changes in the income situation of the beneficiaries of direct payments.