The main objective of the research was to assess the production and economic results of winter wheat, rye, spring barley, grain maize, winter oilseed rape and sugar beets in 2018 depending on the scale of their cultivation. The research was conducted on commercial farms, which sell their production. These farms were purposively selected from a representative farm sample that was in the field of observation of the Polish FADN system. Data describing the studied agricultural products were collected in the AGROKOSZTY system, and then supplemented with data from the Polish FADN database. The results of the analysed products were influenced by production capacity of farms, i.e. resources of land, labour and capital, their quality and the manner of use, but they were also dependent on external conditions (e.g. market, weather). These impacts resulted in varying degrees of changes in the volume of production, unit costs and price of products. In 2018, the income from the surveyed agricultural products was within fairly wide limits. However, the positive impact of the size of the production scale was visible. In each group, there were farms where production was unprofitable, but in the case of large-scale cultivation, the percentage of farms with an indicator below 100 was always the smallest (the only exception was sugar beet).