The article presents the significance of horticultural farms in agriculture in Poland as compared to horticultural farms in selected European Union countries – Hungary, Germany and the Netherlands. The paper points to strong concentration processes in horticultural production manifested in a drop in the number of farms and increase in their area. The production potential of horticultural farms, organisation of production, costs and effects have been assessed in comparison to parallel farms in the selected countries in 2007-2009. It was pointed out that the Polish fruit-growing farms with the economic size of 40-100 ESU and vegetable-growing farms of 40-100 and 100 ESU and more demonstrate competitive ability.