After the accession as compared to the pre-accession period Polish agriculture witnessed a growth in the volume of products produced with the resources spent under intermediate consumption. Diffusion of innovations and progress related thereto were among the significant reasons of the productivity growth. The phenomenon of growth in the volume of products produced with the resources spent under intermediate consumption overlapped with the effects of the accession, which brought, inter alia, a considerable increase in subsidies. This was the most important factor of improving the competitiveness of the Polish agriculture. If before 2004 only about 25 thousand farms showed any features pointing to competitive capabilities, in 2007 there were already 290-300 thousand farms of natural and legal persons, which demonstrated competitive capabilities or any prospects to achieve them. It is estimated that they produced 50-60% of the national value of agricultural production. The impact of innovations on the progress taking place in Polish agriculture could have been greater if there were less farms failing to implement innovations. These were mainly smaller farms, but this group also included about 1/3 of farms with an area of 8 or more ESU.