The agricultural sector has been participated and is still participating in cash processes. The growing interest in the issues of risk management, a deeper connection of the agricultural sector with the financial infrastructure, progressive social changes in the Polish countryside (inter alia, aging, part-time farming, migration of rural population to urban and suburban areas), as well as in the economic, political surroundings of agricultural holdings provide backdrop for reflections on the prospects of development of agricultural finance. The article aims to discuss the role of agricultural finance in the system of economic sciences. The research objectives are as follows: (1) to identify associations between agricultural finance and other research areas, including agrarian policy, (2) to diagnose the current state of research in the field of agricultural finance in Poland and abroad, (3) to determine the prospective/potential areas of research within this subdiscipline, evaluating the possibility of using different methodological approaches. The challenge posed to agricultural financiers of agriculture will be determining details of agricultural policy instruments (including CAP). Agricultural finance will increasingly come into contact with problems requiring an interdisciplinary or even cross-science approach. It seems necessary to deepen the use of more advanced quantitative methods, for example, researching the financial aspects of risk management in agriculture.