The article analyses economic problems related to the existing and future system of support for potato starch sector under the Common Agricultural Policy. The potato starch market and branch economics have been described, as well as microeconomic factors that improve the efficiency of starch potato cultivation in agricultural holdings. Starch, as a renewable raw material, used for alimentary purposes and in many other sectors, is characterized by a high demand growth. In the face of growing competition from starch produced from corn and wheat, as well as of the role of potato cultivation in crop rotation, the continued support of the sector under the CAP would be legitimate.