The term efficiency is complex, relative and multi-dimensional from the viewpoint of economics, praxeology as well as system research. Therefore, the efficiency should be defined with great precision and its categorization, measurement, an interpretation of its changes as well as identification of factors having an influence on efficiency require some care. Praxeology seems to constitute a good starting point in solving the above problems. When considering the efficiency of managing an organization, a set of instruments provided by praxeology is also very useful for operationalization of a measurement procedure. Differentiation of efficiency, its changes and improvement are determined by many factors. Until recently all of the research in this area has been focused on the intra-organizational factors. In the current state of knowledge, it is necessary to extend the analyses to take also into account the impact of operating environment, at local, national and even global level, on the functioning and the efficiency of enterprises including the agricultural ones.