The aim of this paper was to show the relationship between the level of economic growth and the state of food security in selected regions and countries in the world during 2012-2015. The source of the information was secondary data from GUS (Central Statistical Office), the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and Global Food Security Index reports. The analyses showed significant territorial differences between levels of GDP and food security. It was apparent that higher levels of GDP were associated with higher levels of food security, and the biggest improvements in food security occurred in those countries with the fastest rise in GDP per capita. The high correlation between these indicators shows that the basic condition for improvement in world food security is economic growth and growth in real incomes, especially in poorer countries.