The scale of administrative barriers and transaction costs incurred in running a business in Poland remains an issue poorly understood. In the case of agriculture and agri-food industry, there is insufficient information on the scale of transaction costs involved in the relations between the state and a business entity. Such costs, undoubtedly, result for the most part from the regulations related to the Common Agricultural Policy. The knowledge on transaction costs and administrative barriers concerning CAP is very limited at the EU and Member States levels. Lack of such analyses hinders the identification of least-efficient solutions concerning support instruments and their management. Therefore, this element should be incorporated into the CAP evaluation system as soon as possible.